基于热中子探测评价裂缝的示踪剂特性研究

针对裂缝热中子示踪探测方法,从中子双组扩散理论入手结合蒙特卡洛数值模拟方法,分析压裂前后地层热中子分布影响因素,并模拟不同类型示踪剂及含量的热中子裂缝响应规律,筛选最佳示踪剂并给出其在支撑剂中含量的上、下限。结果表明:压裂前后热中子计数变化量主要受裂缝宽度和标记支撑剂中示踪剂含量的影响;钆对裂缝宽度变化反应最灵敏,钆元素是作为标记支撑剂的最佳示踪元素;随支撑剂中Gd 2O 3含量的增加,热中子计数率降低,热中子计数变化量D增加;示踪剂中氧化钆的上、下限值随裂缝宽度呈指数降低,且当裂缝宽度为1.0 cm时,Gd 2O 3的质量分数上限为0.68%,下限为0.03%。     

基于变异系数的模糊物元模型评价阔叶十大功劳根不同提取部位的抗炎镇痛作用

为了筛选阔叶十大功劳根抗炎镇痛的有效部位，应用模糊物元模型对阔叶十大功劳根不同提取部位抗炎镇痛效果进行综合评价。采用醋酸扭体法、热水缩尾法及热板法，以小鼠足跖肿胀、耳廓肿胀程度考察阔叶十大功劳根不同提取部位的抗炎镇痛作用；用变异系数权重的模糊物元模型对其干预效果进行综合评价；通过计算贴近度比较模型组（M₁）、阳性对照组（M₂）、水提物组（M₃）、乙醇提取物组（M₄）、正丁醇提取物组（M₅）、乙酸乙酯提取物组（M₆）、石油醚提取物组（M₇）的抗炎镇痛效果。结果显示阔叶十大功劳根不同提取部位均有抗炎镇痛的效果，但各部位抗炎镇痛效果程度不同；反应不同部位抗炎镇痛总效应的贴近度值从大到小排序为M₆，M₄，M₃，M₅，M₂，M₇，M₁。基于变异系数权重的模糊物元模型可筛选出阔叶十大功劳根抗炎镇痛的最佳有效部位为乙酸乙酯提取部位，能够客观、科学地评价不同提取部位的抗炎镇痛效果。     

基于正交设计的陶瓷再生混凝土配合比试验

为提高废旧陶瓷的再生利用率,将陶瓷颗粒与陶瓷粉作为再生混凝土骨料与掺合料进行再生利用.运用正交设计的试验方法,以陶瓷粉、陶瓷颗粒、再生细骨料、粉煤灰、硅灰为5因素,每个因素设置4个水平,共设计16组配合比方案,进行抗压、导热等试验,得到陶瓷再生混凝土的强度、导热系数等物理力学参数,并寻找出最优配合比.试验结果表明最佳配合比为:陶瓷粉的质量分数为10%,陶瓷颗粒的质量分数为20%,再生细骨料的质量分数为40%,粉煤灰的质量分数为15%,硅灰的质量分数为5%.     

考虑轴压力影响的钢梁-剪力墙节点性能研究

钢梁和剪力墙组合节点能够充分发挥钢材和混凝土两者的优势使节点性能得到极大的改善,因此,对钢梁与混凝土节点的研究是十分有价值的.本文对轴压力影响下,钢梁埋入钢筋混凝土剪力墙节点的受力状态进行了理论和有限元模拟,研究了在轴压力作用下节点的受力特点和应力应变分布特征,并将所得结果与已有试验研究进行对比研究,取得满意结果.通过对已有分析模型进行改进,给出了剪力墙在不同轴压比时节点发生承压破坏的理论弯剪相关曲线.随后给出了有效埋入深度的计算公式,并通过有限元分析工具ABAQUS,验证了有效埋入深度概念的必要性和合理性,给出了轴压比、钢梁埋入长度对节点承载力的影响.     

高速电主轴热特性仿真与实验研究

对高速电主轴温度场分布随转速的变化规律进行了研究。通过在外壳上布置一定数量的温度传感器,对不同转速下的外壳温度进行实时测量,并将实验结果与ANSYS的模拟结果进行对比,验证了采用在电主轴外壳上布置多个测点测量与仿真相结合的方法来预测电主轴内部温度场分布的可行性;另外还分析了在不同转速下,高速电主轴关键部位的温升,仿真结果表明:主轴在6000~10000 r/min时,温升呈线性增加,在大于10000 r/min后,温升以指数规律增加。     

Flow and heat transfer behaviour of nanofluids in microchannels

Flow and heat transfer of aqueous based silica and alumina nanofluids in microchannels were experimentally investigated. The measured friction factors were higher than conventional model predictions at low Reynolds numbers particularly with high nanoparticle concentrations. A decrease in the friction factor was observed with increasing Reynolds number, possibly due to the augmentation of nanoparticle aggregate shape arising from fluid shear and alteration of local nanoparticle concentration and nanofluid viscosity. Augmentation of the silica nanoparticle morphology by fluid shear may also have affected the friction factor due to possible formation of a core/shell structure of the particles. Measured thermal conductivities of the silica nanofluids were in approximate agreement with the Maxwell-Crosser model, whereas the alumina nanofluids only showed slight enhancements. Enhanced convective heat transfer was observed for both nanofluids, relative to their base fluids (water), at low particle concentrations. Heat transfer enhancement increased with increasing Reynolds number and microchannel hydraulic diameter. However, the majority of experiments showed a larger increase in pumping power requirements relative to heat transfer enhancements, which may hinder the industrial uptake of the nanofluids, particularly in confined environments, such as Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS).     

基于漏磁检测的桥梁拉索断丝识别

为实现桥梁拉索漏磁(MFL)检测中低信噪比(SNR)时的断丝识别,提出了基于有效短时互相关(STCC)的损伤识别方法.对拉索进行重复测试并提取对应的信号片段进行互相关分析,通过重新归一化,在短时互相关序列中融入短时能量特征,再结合双阈值法进行断丝识别.制作了含有多种断丝损伤的足尺拉索模型进行漏磁检测试验,基于试验结果验证所提出的方法.结果表明:该方法的损伤判别精度比既有方法提高了15.7%～16.9%,在低信噪比下仍取得了较高的损伤识别精度.     

基于等效均匀温度的车内热环境分析

通过计算流体力学(CFD)与人体热调节模型的耦合仿真,得到人体整体和各节段的等效均匀温度(EHT).对比空调送风速度、送风温度与太阳辐射强度对整体EHT、平均皮肤温度及各换热损失量的影响,得到各因素变化时所处的EHT舒适区,采用试验设计法和方差分析法,得到3个影响因素对整体EHT、各节段EHT、平均皮肤温度及干热损失量的贡献率,发现送风条件影响大于太阳辐射,其中送风温度的影响最显著.在此基础上,得到EHT的拟合方程,并提出基于拟合方程改进空调控制的新思路.     

叙述性偏好法实验的有效样本量模型框架

叙述性偏好法(SP)是一种通过实验设计研究人们偏好的方法,通常结合离散选择模型估计参数.针对SP实验设计缺乏足以得到准确参数估计的有效样本量的问题,提出一个易于操作、更加全面的SP实验有效样本量估计方法框架,实现通过一个线性模型来估计实验所需的有效样本量.应用该框架开展实证研究,发现要素的数量、要素水平的数量、参数的尺度、样本量以及实验设计策略都对参数的准确性产生显著的影响,得到3种设计策略下的有效样本量估计模型.以此为基础,提出SP实验设计的实践原则.     

Adjustable thermal expansion in La(Fe,Si)_(13)-based conductive composites by high-pressure synthesis

Providing a suitable contact interface, where a high conductivity material with a desirable coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE) adjoins the target micro-electric devices, is very crucial to optimize the properties and service life of the relevant instruments. Regrettably, a high conductivity, low thermal expansion and relatively inexpensive material is very rare. Composites, fortunately, can offer a method to design materials with adjustable properties by mixing two or more diverse constituents. In this paper, high conductivity composites with adjustable thermal expansion were successfully prepared by a high-pressure synthesis. The composites are based on combining La(Fe,Si)_(13)-based compounds, the materials showing a giant, isotropic negative thermal expansion(NTE) properties, within Cu matrix. The La(Fe,Si)_(13)-based compounds were used to adjust the CTE of the composites, while the Cu phase is in charge of tuning the thermal conductivity properties. Thus, by changing the relative amount of the two components, the composites with high conductivities and adjustable CTE were achieved. Furthermore, the thermal expansion and magnetic properties of the composites were investigated by a physical property measurement system. The present results highlight the potential applications of the Cu-based high conductivity composites with room-temperature NTE properties in the thermal contacts to various semiconductor and microelectronic devices.